Laravel Performance Optimization: Hız ve Verimlilik Rehberi

Performance Neden Önemli?

• User experience (3s+ = %53 bounce)
• SEO ranking faktörü
• Server maliyeti
• Conversion rate

Database Optimization

N+1 Query Problemi

// KÖTÜ - N+1 query
$posts = Post::all();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo $post->author->name; // Her post için query
}

// İYİ - Eager loading
$posts = Post::with('author')->get();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo $post->author->name; // Tek query
}

Lazy Loading Disabled

// AppServiceProvider
public function boot()
{
    Model::preventLazyLoading(!app()->isProduction());
}

Query Optimization

// Select sadece gerekli kolonlar
User::select('id', 'name', 'email')->get();

// Chunking büyük data için
User::chunk(1000, function ($users) {
    foreach ($users as $user) {
        // Process
    }
});

// Cursor (memory efficient)
foreach (User::cursor() as $user) {
    // Process
}

// Index kullanımı
Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->index('user_id');
    $table->index(['status', 'published_at']);
});

Caching Stratejileri

// Query caching
$users = Cache::remember('active_users', 3600, function () {
    return User::where('active', true)->get();
});

// Route caching (production)
php artisan route:cache

// Config caching
php artisan config:cache

// View caching
php artisan view:cache

// Event caching
php artisan event:cache

Queue Kullanımı

// Email gönderimini queue'a at
Mail::to($user)->queue(new WelcomeMail($user));

// Job dispatch
ProcessPodcast::dispatch($podcast);

// Batch processing
Bus::batch([
    new ImportCsv($file1),
    new ImportCsv($file2),
])->dispatch();

API Response Optimization

// API Resource
class UserResource extends JsonResource
{
    public function toArray($request)
    {
        return [
            'id' => $this->id,
            'name' => $this->name,
            'posts_count' => $this->whenCounted('posts'),
            'profile' => new ProfileResource($this->whenLoaded('profile')),
        ];
    }
}

// Pagination
return UserResource::collection(
    User::paginate(15)
);

Frontend Optimization

// Vite production build
npm run build

// Asset versioning
@vite(['resources/css/app.css', 'resources/js/app.js'])

// Image optimization

Profiling Tools

Laravel Debugbar

composer require barryvdh/laravel-debugbar --dev

// Queries, views, route, memory görüntüleme

Laravel Telescope

composer require laravel/telescope --dev
php artisan telescope:install

// Requests, exceptions, logs, queries takibi

Database Queries

DB::enableQueryLog();
// ... queries
dd(DB::getQueryLog());

Production Checklist

✅ APP_DEBUG=false
✅ php artisan config:cache
✅ php artisan route:cache
✅ php artisan view:cache
✅ php artisan optimize
✅ Composer autoload: composer dump-autoload -o
✅ OPcache enabled
✅ Redis for cache/session
✅ CDN for static assets
✅ Database indexes

Sonuç

Performance optimization sürekli bir süreçtir. Profiling yapın, bottleneck'leri tespit edin ve iteratif olarak iyileştirin.