Laravel Testing: Unit, Feature ve Integration Test Rehberi

Neden Test Yazmalıyız?

• Bug'ları erken yakala
• Refactoring güvenliği
• Documentation görevi
• Daha iyi kod tasarımı (TDD)

Test Türleri

Unit Tests

Tek bir class/method test eder. Bağımlılıklar mock'lanır.

// tests/Unit/Services/PriceCalculatorTest.php
class PriceCalculatorTest extends TestCase
{
    public function test_calculates_discount_correctly()
    {
        $calculator = new PriceCalculator();

        $result = $calculator->applyDiscount(100, 20);

        $this->assertEquals(80, $result);
    }
}

Feature Tests

HTTP request/response test eder.

// tests/Feature/UserRegistrationTest.php
class UserRegistrationTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    public function test_user_can_register()
    {
        $response = $this->post('/register', [
            'name' => 'John Doe',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
            'password' => 'password',
            'password_confirmation' => 'password',
        ]);

        $response->assertRedirect('/dashboard');
        $this->assertDatabaseHas('users', [
            'email' => '[email protected]'
        ]);
    }
}

PHPUnit Assertions

$this->assertTrue($value);
$this->assertFalse($value);
$this->assertEquals($expected, $actual);
$this->assertCount(3, $array);
$this->assertNull($value);
$this->assertInstanceOf(User::class, $user);
$this->assertArrayHasKey('name', $array);

HTTP Testing

// GET request
$response = $this->get('/users');
$response->assertStatus(200);
$response->assertJson(['data' => []]);

// POST with authentication
$user = User::factory()->create();
$response = $this->actingAs($user)
    ->post('/posts', ['title' => 'Test']);
$response->assertStatus(201);

// API testing
$response = $this->postJson('/api/users', $data);
$response->assertCreated()
    ->assertJsonStructure(['id', 'name', 'email']);

Database Testing

use RefreshDatabase; // Her testte DB reset

// Assertions
$this->assertDatabaseHas('users', ['email' => '[email protected]']);
$this->assertDatabaseMissing('users', ['email' => '[email protected]']);
$this->assertDatabaseCount('users', 5);
$this->assertSoftDeleted('users', ['id' => 1]);

Factories

// database/factories/UserFactory.php
class UserFactory extends Factory
{
    public function definition(): array
    {
        return [
            'name' => fake()->name(),
            'email' => fake()->unique()->safeEmail(),
            'password' => bcrypt('password'),
        ];
    }

    public function admin(): static
    {
        return $this->state(['role' => 'admin']);
    }
}

// Kullanım
$user = User::factory()->create();
$users = User::factory()->count(10)->create();
$admin = User::factory()->admin()->create();

Mocking

// External service mock
$this->mock(PaymentGateway::class, function ($mock) {
    $mock->shouldReceive('charge')
        ->once()
        ->with(100)
        ->andReturn(true);
});

// Facade mock
Mail::fake();
// ... kod çalıştır
Mail::assertSent(WelcomeEmail::class);

// Event fake
Event::fake([OrderCreated::class]);
// ... kod çalıştır
Event::assertDispatched(OrderCreated::class);

Pest (Modern Syntax)

// tests/Feature/UserTest.php
test('user can view profile', function () {
    $user = User::factory()->create();

    $this->actingAs($user)
        ->get('/profile')
        ->assertOk()
        ->assertSee($user->name);
});

it('requires authentication', function () {
    $this->get('/dashboard')
        ->assertRedirect('/login');
});

Testleri Çalıştırma

# Tüm testler
php artisan test

# Specific test
php artisan test --filter=UserRegistrationTest

# Coverage raporu
php artisan test --coverage

# Parallel testing
php artisan test --parallel

Sonuç

Test yazmak başlangıçta zaman alır ama uzun vadede hataları azaltır ve geliştirme hızını artırır. TDD ile başlayın!