MongoDB ile NoSQL Veritabanı Yönetimi

MongoDB Nedir?

MongoDB, document-oriented NoSQL veritabanıdır. JSON-like documents (BSON) formatında veri saklar ve schema-less yapı sunar.

SQL vs MongoDB Terminoloji

Temel CRUD İşlemleri

// Create
db.users.insertOne({
    name: "John",
    email: "[email protected]",
    age: 30
})

// Read
db.users.find({ age: { $gte: 18 } })
db.users.findOne({ email: "[email protected]" })

// Update
db.users.updateOne(
    { _id: ObjectId("...") },
    { $set: { age: 31 } }
)

// Delete
db.users.deleteOne({ _id: ObjectId("...") })

Query Operators

// Comparison
{ age: { $eq: 30 } }    // Equal
{ age: { $gt: 25 } }    // Greater than
{ age: { $in: [25, 30, 35] } }

// Logical
{ $and: [{ age: 30 }, { active: true }] }
{ $or: [{ status: "A" }, { age: { $lt: 30 } }] }

// Array
{ tags: { $all: ["php", "laravel"] } }
{ scores: { $elemMatch: { $gt: 80 } } }

Aggregation Pipeline

db.orders.aggregate([
    // Stage 1: Filter
    { $match: { status: "completed" } },

    // Stage 2: Group
    { $group: {
        _id: "$customerId",
        totalAmount: { $sum: "$amount" },
        orderCount: { $sum: 1 }
    }},

    // Stage 3: Sort
    { $sort: { totalAmount: -1 } },

    // Stage 4: Limit
    { $limit: 10 }
])

Laravel MongoDB (jenssegers/mongodb)

# Installation
composer require mongodb/laravel-mongodb

# Model
use MongoDB\Laravel\Eloquent\Model;

class Product extends Model
{
    protected $connection = 'mongodb';
    protected $collection = 'products';

    protected $fillable = ['name', 'price', 'tags'];
}

// Query
Product::where('price', '>', 100)
    ->where('tags', 'electronics')
    ->get();

Indexing

// Single field index
db.users.createIndex({ email: 1 })

// Compound index
db.orders.createIndex({ userId: 1, createdAt: -1 })

// Text index
db.products.createIndex({ name: "text", description: "text" })

Ne Zaman MongoDB?

• Flexible, evolving schema
• Document-centric data
• Horizontal scaling gerekli
• Real-time analytics
• Content management

Sonuç

MongoDB, flexible schema ve horizontal scaling gerektiren projeler için idealdir. SQL bilgisi ile kolayca öğrenilebilir.