CI/CD Pipeline Rehberi: GitHub Actions ile Otomatik Deployment

CI/CD (Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment), kod değişikliklerinin otomatik olarak test edilmesi, build edilmesi ve deployment yapılması sürecidir.

CI/CD Nedir?

• CI (Continuous Integration): Kod değişikliklerinin sürekli entegrasyonu ve test edilmesi
• CD (Continuous Delivery): Değişikliklerin production-ready hale getirilmesi
• CD (Continuous Deployment): Otomatik production deployment

GitHub Actions Temelleri

Workflow dosyası .github/workflows/ dizininde YAML formatında oluşturulur.

Temel Workflow Yapısı

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI Pipeline

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, develop]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'
          cache: 'npm'

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Run tests
        run: npm test

      - name: Run linter
        run: npm run lint

Build ve Deploy Workflow

name: Build and Deploy

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'

      - name: Install and Build
        run: |
          npm ci
          npm run build

      - name: Upload artifact
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: build
          path: dist/

  deploy:
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Download artifact
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: build

      - name: Deploy to server
        uses: appleboy/[email protected]
        with:
          host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
          username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_KEY }}
          script: |
            cd /var/www/app
            git pull
            npm ci
            npm run build
            pm2 restart app

Docker Build ve Push

name: Docker Build

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  docker:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}

      - name: Build and push
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          context: .
          push: true
          tags: |
            user/app:latest
            user/app:${{ github.sha }}

Matrix Build

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
        node-version: [18, 20, 22]

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm test

Environment ve Secrets

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment: production
    steps:
      - name: Deploy
        env:
          API_KEY: ${{ secrets.API_KEY }}
          DATABASE_URL: ${{ secrets.DATABASE_URL }}
        run: |
          echo "Deploying to production"
          ./deploy.sh

Conditional Jobs

jobs:
  deploy-staging:
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "Deploying to staging"

  deploy-production:
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "Deploying to production"

Laravel Örneği

name: Laravel CI

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  laravel:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    services:
      mysql:
        image: mysql:8.0
        env:
          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password
          MYSQL_DATABASE: testing
        ports:
          - 3306:3306

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup PHP
        uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
        with:
          php-version: '8.3'
          extensions: mbstring, pdo_mysql

      - name: Install Composer dependencies
        run: composer install --no-progress --prefer-dist

      - name: Copy .env
        run: cp .env.example .env

      - name: Generate key
        run: php artisan key:generate

      - name: Run migrations
        run: php artisan migrate
        env:
          DB_CONNECTION: mysql
          DB_HOST: 127.0.0.1
          DB_PORT: 3306
          DB_DATABASE: testing
          DB_USERNAME: root
          DB_PASSWORD: password

      - name: Run tests
        run: php artisan test

Sonuç

CI/CD pipeline'lar, modern yazılım geliştirme süreçlerinin vazgeçilmez parçasıdır. GitHub Actions ile kolayca otomatik test ve deployment süreçleri oluşturabilirsiniz.